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What is augmented reality?
Basics and examples

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital content into the real world, creating new, interactive experiences. Unlike virtual reality (VR), which creates a completely virtual environment, AR supplements physical reality with virtual elements such as images, text or animations. Whether in advertising, gaming or online shopping - AR has now arrived in many areas of our everyday lives and opens up completely new opportunities for companies to reach their target groups.

In this article, we explain exactly what augmented reality is, how it works and show practical examples as well as an outlook on future developments.

What is augmented reality?

Augmented reality describes the merging of the real and digital worlds. Virtual content - such as 3D models, animations or information - is superimposed on the physical environment in real time via cameras or displays.

Differences to VR and MR:

  • Virtual Reality (VR): Complete immersion in a virtual world, e.g. through VR headsets.
  • Augmented Reality (AR): Adds digital elements to the real world.
  • Mixed Reality (MR): Combines AR and VR, with the digital and real worlds interacting with each other.

With AR, users can therefore continue to see their environment while it is enhanced with virtual content - a major advantage over VR, which completely replaces the real world.

How does augmented reality work?

Adding virtual elements to reality is not that easy. You need devices that can recognize movements and perceive the environment. They must also be able to display the extension convincingly. All of this has to happen in real time and without any noticeable delay for the user.

Devices for augmented reality

In principle, various devices can be used for augmented reality applications:

  • Smartphones and tablets: The most common devices, as they have integrated cameras and displays. Apps such as Snapchat or IKEA Place use these platforms.
  • AR glasses: Specialized devices such as Microsoft HoloLens or Magic Leap, which work hands-free and enable immersive AR experiences.
  • Wearables: Future AR technologies could be integrated into smartwatches or contact lenses.

By using cameras, sensors and software, these devices can scan the user's physical environment and insert digital objects into the camera image in real time. Glasses such as the Hololens 2  use holographic displays on which digital content, such as holographic objects, is projected into the user's field of vision. By using gestures and voice commands, the user can interact with the digital objects and place them in their real environment.

In practice, however, only smartphones really play a role. The Hololens is a discontinued model and current glasses show the environment as a camera image on a display. This means they are not AR devices by definition, as they do not augment reality but replace it.

Technologies behind AR

  • Tracking technologies: Enable the localization of digital content in the real world. Examples include SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and GPS tracking.
  • AR software: Tools such as ARKit (Apple) and ARCore (Google) support developers in the creation of AR experiences.
  • Render engines: Unity and Unreal Engine are used to design 3D elements and display them in real time.

Augmented reality as an app vs WebAR via the browser

AR with an app and Web AR are two ways to experience augmented reality content on mobile devices. The use of augmented reality apps requires the download and installation of a special app on the device, while web AR can be accessed via a browser.

Using AR through an app usually provides a better and more immersive augmented reality experience because the app is tailored to the specific device and its features. The app can also access the device's collected data such as GPS, camera, accelerometer, and more to create a richer AR experience.

On the other hand, Web AR has the advantage of not requiring the installation of a dedicated app, making it more accessible. Web AR can also be launched directly from a website, making it easier for marketers or developers to create and share AR content.

AR Frameworks

There are a variety of AR frameworks that help developers create and deploy AR content. The cost of AR frameworks can vary depending on the framework, licensing model, and project requirements. Some AR frameworks are free and open source, while other frameworks require licensing fees or subscription fees.

Here are some popular AR frameworks:

  • ARKit: A framework from Applewhich is integrated into iOS devices and enables developers to create AR content using the device's camera, gyro sensor and accelerometer. ARKit is the free AR framework from Apple. ARKit offers features such as horizontal and vertical surface recognition, face recognition, positioning AR objects in the real world and interacting with AR objects through gestures. ARKit also provides a variety of tools and resources to help developers create AR content, including ARKit developer documentation, sample code and an active developer community.
  • ARCoreA framework from Google that runs on Android devices and creates AR content using the device's camera, gyro sensor and accelerometer. ARCore is quite similar to ARKit in terms of features. However, Apple's framework delivers slightly better tracking due to the Apple devices' better sensor technology.
  • VuforiaAn AR framework that runs on a variety of platforms and allows developers to create AR content using the camera and image recognition. Vuforia offers a free version with limited features and several paid versions with advanced features and support.
  • Unity AR Foundation: An AR framework based on Unity Engine and enables developers to create AR content for iOS and Android devices. Unity AR Foundation is part of the Unity Engine, which offers paid licenses and subscriptions.
  • WikitudeA framework that runs on a variety of platforms and allows developers to create AR content using the camera and image recognition. Wikitude offers a free version with limited features and several paid versions with advanced features and support.

The most important frameworks in practice are ARKit and ARCore. Vuforia now plays a subordinate role. 

WebAR Frameworks

There are also frameworks that are based on WebAR are specialized

  •  Google Model ViewerGoogle Model Viewer is a free web tool from Google that allows users to view 3D models in a AR or VR-environment. The tool is easy to use and supports a variety of 3D model file formats. The framework is free of charge.
  • 8th WallWith 8th Wall, developers can create AR experiences in web and mobile applications that run on iOS and Android devices. The framework offers a variety of features, including hand and face recognition, spatial and environmental recognition, and integrations with other tools and platforms. Developers can also embed 3D models, images and videos into their AR experiences and program them using Javascript and HTML5. 8th Wall is technologically the most advanced WebAR framework, but also the most expensive.
  • ZapWorks TheZapworks Editor Toolkit offers a variety of features, including interactive 3D models, augmented reality effects and animation tools. Developers can also create their own custom scripts and embed them into their AR experiences. ZapWorks is a powerful tool that offers users a variety of options and features. Zapworks has its own 3D engine. However, you can also use content from other WebGL Transform and embed engines like AR SDKs for Three.js, Unity, A-Frame, PlayCanvas, Babylon.js, JavaScript and React-Three.js into WebAR experiences with Zapworks.

Areas of application for AR technology

The application areas of AR technology are very diverse and range from the entertainment industry to medical care. Here are some examples:

  • Entertainment: AR is used in the gaming industry to create a more immersive and interactive gaming experience. 
  • Education: AR can be used to create interactive learning content that improves the understanding of pupils and students. One example is the anatomy app Augmented Anatomy.
  • Tourism: AR can be used in the tourism industry to virtual tours and city tours that help travelers to better understand their surroundings.
  • Retail trade: AR can be used in retail to enable virtual try-ons of items of clothing or furniture and offer customers a better shopping experience.
  • Healthcare: AR is used in the healthcare sector to help doctors diagnose and treat patients and to train medical staff.
  • Architecture and construction: AR can be used in the field of architecture and construction to create virtual 3D models of buildings and give the user a better idea of what the finished building will look like.
  • Automotive industry: AR can be used in the automotive industry to create virtual cockpits and navigation systems and give the driver a better overview of the vehicle.

Examples of augmented reality applications

AR has established itself in numerous industries and offers a wide range of use cases. Here are some of the best-known examples:

1. snapchat filters and social media:
Social media apps such as Snapchat and Instagram use AR for filters that allow users to change their appearance or try out interactive effects. This is an effective marketing tool for companies to present products creatively.

2nd IKEA Place:
The IKEA Place app allows users to virtually place pieces of furniture in their own rooms. This AR application helps customers to make purchasing decisions faster and more confidently.

3. Pokémon GO:
The popular mobile game shows how AR can be used for entertainment. Players search for virtual Pokémon in the real world - a global success that impressively demonstrated the possibilities of AR.

4. marketing and advertising:
Many brands use AR to create interactive experiences. Virtual try-ons for clothing or make-up are now standard for major fashion and beauty brands.

5. education and training:
AR is increasingly being used in schools and companies to provide practical learning content. Medical simulations or technical training are particularly effective here. One example is the anatomy app Augmented Anatomy.

The future of AR

The future of augmented reality is promising. Here are some of the developments that await us in the coming years:

  • AR in the metaverse: AR will play a central role in the metaverse and enable people to move around in hybrid worlds.
  • Improved hardware: More compact and powerful AR glasses and wearables could make the technology more accessible for everyday use.
  • Personalized experiences through AI: With the help of artificial intelligence, AR will be able to tailor content even more closely to individual users.
  • Integration into new sectors: In addition to marketing and e-commerce, sectors such as construction, healthcare and public safety could increasingly benefit from AR.

Conclusion

Augmented reality has changed the way we experience the world. It creates a bridge between the real and virtual worlds and opens up countless opportunities for companies and consumers. Whether for marketing, education or entertainment - AR offers real added value that will become even more important in the coming years.

For companies that want to stay innovative, now is the perfect time to invest in augmented reality and inspire their target groups in a completely new way.

FAQ: What is augmented reality?

Augmented reality (AR) means "extended reality". It is a technology that integrates digital content - such as text, images or animations - into the real world, thereby creating interactive experiences.

Augmented reality works through a combination of devices such as smartphones, tablets or AR glasses and software such as ARKit (Apple) or ARCore (Google). Tracking technologies such as GPS or SLAM help to display digital content in the right place in the real world.

Possible devices for AR are:
  • Smartphones and tablets: The most common and simplest platform for AR applications.
  • AR glasses: Like Microsoft HoloLens or Magic Leap for immersive experiences.
  • Wearables: Future technologies such as AR contact lenses or AR smartwatches.

In practice, however, only smartphones currently play a role.

Augmented reality adds digital content to the real world, while virtual reality (VR) creates a completely virtual environment that blocks out the real world.

The most important advantages of AR are:

  • Interactivity: Users can interact directly with digital content in their environment.
  • Practical relevance: Realistic simulations for education or training.
  • Purchase decisions: Virtual fittings or product visualizations make the decision easier.

AR is used in numerous industries, including:

  • Marketing and advertising: Interactive campaigns and product visualizations.
  • Education and training: Practical simulations and immersive learning methods.
  • Medicine: Surgical training and visualizations.
  • E-Commerce: Virtual try-ons and product tests.
  • Real estate: Virtual tours and room planning.

One well-known example is the IKEA Place app, which allows users to place furniture virtually in their home. Pokémon GO, a game that integrates digital Pokémon into the real world, is another popular use case.

clarence dadson

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Clarence Dadson CEO Design4real